Timeline from 1890 to 1900 - Significant Events

Timetable from 1890 to 1900 - Significant Events Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1890 July 2, 1890: The Sherman Anti-Trust Act became law in the United States.July 13, 1890: John C. Frã ©mont, American pilgrim and political figure, passed on in New York City at the period of 77.July 29, 1890: Artist Vincent Van Gogh kicked the bucket in France at 37 years old subsequent to shooting himself two days earlier.October 1, 1890: At the encouraging of John Muir, The U.S. Congress assigned Yosemite a National Park. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/chAHJL3RZYHpmAUw92WZiYkQPq4=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-555330289-5c4a34f346e0fb00017adcc1.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/UrH7CBP0R2m1ZTdwgCFsRT3BEBc=/481x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-555330289-5c4a34f346e0fb00017adcc1.jpg 481w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6XPxUez21sEClIAY70M71kvLpXM=/662x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-555330289-5c4a34f346e0fb00017adcc1.jpg 662w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/iDjB2u-uh7l92MJDfWnucAQwBTc=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-555330289-5c4a34f346e0fb00017adcc1.jpg 1024w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ufL4mK2Hf0mUqcBn82PHw9f8kKw=/1024x753/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-555330289-5c4a34f346e0fb00017adcc1.jpg src=//:0 alt=Yosemite National Park, California, around 1865 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-5 information following container=true /> Carleton E. Watkins/Getty Images December 15, 1890: Sitting Bull, unbelievable Sioux pioneer, kicked the bucket at 59 years old in South Dakota. He was executed while being captured in the national governments crackdown on the Ghost Dance movement.December 29, 1890: The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred in South Dakota when U.S. Mounted force troopers terminated on Lakota Sioux who had assembled. The executing of many unarmed men, ladies, and kids basically denoted the finish of Native American protection from white guideline in the West. 1891 February 14, 1891: William Tecumseh Sherman, Civil War general, passed on in New York City at the period of 71.March 17, 1891: The St. Patricks Day march in New York City started utilizing the conventional course up Fifth Avenue.April 7, 1891: American entertainer Phineas T. Barnum kicked the bucket in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the period of 80.May 5, 1891: Carnegie Hall opened in New York City. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HuJfjnEA5LtdsBepKfoCNhW64G4=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515485496-5c4a35d2c9e77c0001f07ed1.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/oLqHb4qOczu0cE1ShOkxuNbnozk=/481x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515485496-5c4a35d2c9e77c0001f07ed1.jpg 481w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/KUOejckkDfqPmZLTa4OcwvCB0Sg=/662x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515485496-5c4a35d2c9e77c0001f07ed1.jpg 662w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_xeS_PaVH9CS8Irf5ehraopnjUU=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515485496-5c4a35d2c9e77c0001f07ed1.jpg 1024w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/sjXrLS2fzVdDKNaBgZNHm3dluDw=/1024x795/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515485496-5c4a35d2c9e77c0001f07ed1.jpg src=//:0 alt=Carnegie Hall in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, in the time of its opening, 1891 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-11 information following container=true /> Gabriel Hackett/Archive Photos/Getty Images June 25, 1891: The character Sherlock Holmes, made by Arthur Conan Doyle, showed up in The Strand magazine for the first time.September 28, 1891: Herman Melville, creator of Moby Dick, kicked the bucket in New York City at 72 years old. At the hour of his demise he was not well recall for his exemplary novel about whaling, however more for prior books set in the South Seas.October 6, 1891: Irish political figure Charles Stewart Parnell passed on in Ireland at the period of 45.December 4, 1891: One of the most extravagant men in America, agent Russell Sage, was almost blown to pieces in an odd explosive assault in his Manhattan office. 1892 Walk 26, 1892: American artist Walt Whitman passed on in Camden, New Jersey at the time of 72.May 28, 1892: Writer and naturalist John Muir established the Sierra Club. Muirs crusading for preservation would apply an effect on American life in the twentieth century.July 6, 1892: The Homestead Steel Strike in western Pennsylvania transformed into a brutal day-long fight between Pinkerton men and townspeople.August 4, 1892: Andrew Borden and his better half were killed in Fall River, Massachusetts and his girl Lizzie Borden was blamed for the abhorrent crime.November 8, 1892: Grover Cleveland won the U.S. presidential political race, turning into the main president to serve two non-back to back terms. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/T0eIYFDiEvrZujzLTl1A84Xkito=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635229029-5c4a377646e0fb00015eb78f.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/19AgxVxSSOc_vwYuq8Ag2v1UxQM=/446x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635229029-5c4a377646e0fb00015eb78f.jpg 446w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/x3InFxNoMFzetj5y5jbB3G7bgzM=/592x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635229029-5c4a377646e0fb00015eb78f.jpg 592w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/SsGzVRqyNIshl3j2PB0z5xJ-HMI=/885x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635229029-5c4a377646e0fb00015eb78f.jpg 885w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/EU0fi7vMsMQbqd18fWxeVaVw_kg=/1024x885/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635229029-5c4a377646e0fb00015eb78f.jpg src=//:0 alt=President Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) was chosen leader of the United States twice, in 1884 as the twenty-second president, and in 1892 as the twenty-fourth president. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-17 information following container=true /> Oscar White/Corbis/VCG/Getty Imagesâ 1893 January 17, 1893: Rutherford B. Hayes, who became president following the contested appointment of 1876, kicked the bucket in Ohio at the period of 70.February 1893: Thomas A. Edison wrapped up his first movie studio.March 4, 1893: Grover Cleveland was introduced as leader of the United States for the second time.May 1, 1893: The 1893 Worlds Fair, known as the Columbian Exposition, opened in Chicago. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/85NhRtuuc3ZaNscplZyb-n-HuAY=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-640487159-5c4a3853c9e77c000165c3fa.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3QvH-XHi4CFv3y7EOC_MIZQifm0=/481x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-640487159-5c4a3853c9e77c000165c3fa.jpg 481w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Oq7sZnj-mw7xSgkSKtI2Bdx1fJ8=/662x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-640487159-5c4a3853c9e77c000165c3fa.jpg 662w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/KCZuwPfedlhgifyp3nSHRmi5_ys=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-640487159-5c4a3853c9e77c000165c3fa.jpg 1024w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_WTKFq22_f16-jmh4xh9cejgzMI=/1024x804/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-640487159-5c4a3853c9e77c000165c3fa.jpg src=//:0 alt=Construction of the Mines and Mining Building for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-21 information following container=true /> Â Frances Benjamin Johnston/Library of Congress/Getty Images May 1893: A decrease in the New York securities exchange set off the Panic of 1893, which prompted a financial downturn second just to the Great Depression of the 1930s.June 20, 1893: Lizzie Borden was vindicated of murder.December 1893: The British open was offended when Arthur Conan Doyle distributed a story in which Sherlock Holmes evidently kicked the bucket. 1894 <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/onkY_9g1e76FxXrid-AB7sESaHg=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Coxeys-Army-01-56a486ac3df78cf77282d8fb.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7HEr4pAwTDfcet-txAsWRtT-Vgo=/725x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Coxeys-Army-01-56a486ac3df78cf77282d8fb.jpg 725w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/K-en8xTMNGVadPh_GnEqX-BFK_4=/1150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Coxeys-Army-01-56a486ac3df78cf77282d8fb.jpg 1150w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/eUyFIYsYyGgk1wti0nT1rWpP7Lk=/2000x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Coxeys-Army-01-56a486ac3df78cf77282d8fb.jpg 2000w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/guw7H06n77kWZuTh7NZtu5z4M5I=/2000x1423/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Coxeys-Army-01-56a486ac3df78cf77282d8fb.jpg src=//:0 alt=Members of Coxey's Army on the walk. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-25 information following container=true /> Â Getty Images Walk 25, 1894: Coxeys Army, a walk to fight joblessness that was generally the aftereffect of the Panic of 1893, withdrew from Ohio on its approach to Washington, D.C.April 30, 1894: Coxeys Army arrived at Washington, D.C. furthermore, its pioneers were captured the following day. The requests of Jacob Coxey, which concentrated on incredible government intercession in the economy, would in the long run move into the mainstream.May 1894: The Pullman Strike started, and spread all through the

Managing Foreign Exchange Risk in International Trade

Overseeing Foreign Exchange Risk in International Trade Overseeing FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH A FOCUS ON EAST MIDLANDS COMPANIES Conceptual The motivation behind this exploration is to examine how worldwide exchange organizations the East Midlands oversee remote trade chance. This investigation uses elucidating insights in introducing and breaking down information from the essential research. The discoveries of the exploration demonstrate that a dominant part of the organizations utilized wide business techniques in dealing with their outside trade chance. The fundamental issues the organizations had with overseeing outside trade dangers focused on client maintenance and accepting installments on schedule. The outcomes additionally show that there were a couple of firms which adopted a coordinated strategy to relieving remote trade chance. This examination is of incentive to firms engaged with worldwide exchange and furthermore business improvement organizations which look to help firms which are wanting to enter or are as of now working in outside business sectors. Part 1 Presentation Global exchange includes sending out and bringing in of merchandise or administrations across outside fringes and, when a firm takes part in import as well as fare it is presented to various dangers. Thus firms working outside their nation of origin, need to manage the financial states of the remote nation in which it wishes to work in. One of the key issues firms associated with import as well as fare are confronted with is managing remote money as this is the main methods by which the trading of merchandise or administrations is encouraged. To this end it is import to examine and comprehend the effect which outside cash has on worldwide exchange. Following the downfall of the Bretton Woods understanding (1971) whereby trade rates were permitted to glide unreservedly, overseeing outside trade has gotten significant (Heakel, 2009). Subsequently the costs of monetary forms were dictated by showcase powers that is, interest for and gracefully of cash (Mastry and Salam, 2007). Because of the steady changes popular and flexibly which are thusly affected by other outside elements, vacillations emerge (Czinkota et al, 2009). Because of these vacillations firms are presented to remote trade hazards otherwise called money dangers. Firms exchanging various monetary forms are presented to three kinds of remote trade dangers; financial, exchange and translational hazard (Czinkota et al, 2009). Firms which are engaged with worldwide exchange are presented to monetary and exchange chances as the two of them present potential dangers to the organizations income after some time (Czinkota et al, 2009). Studies have demonstrated that outside tr ade variances can influence the estimation of an organizations income after some time (Aretz, Bartram and Dufey, 2007, Judge, 2004, Bradley and Moles 2002, Allayannis and Ofek 1998, Chowdhry, 1995, Damant, 2002 and Wong 2001). All the more along these lines, household firms despite the fact that not managing remote money are likewise influenced by outside trade changes as the cost of the item they exchange are additionally influenced (Abor, 2005). The vast majority of the surviving writings have concentrated on corporate hazard the board for budgetary firms and as such monetary supporting with subordinates has been the focal topic of money chance administration. Then again there has been proof to show elective strategies exist for firms engaged with worldwide exchange, these techniques for overseeing outside trade dangers include vital and operational hazard the executives. Anyway the greater part of these examinations have been completed in segregation; money related supporting strategies did in seclusion of vital and operational supporting techniques and the other way around. Little has been done to give a coordinated viewpoint, on using the two methods of overseeing outside trade dangers concerning universal exchange firms. This is the region wherein the current examination expects to investigate along these lines adding to the general writing Reason for the Research Because of the idea of global exchange which open the firm to remote trade developments, along these lines exposing the firm to cash hazards, the reason for this examination is to investigate how universal exchange firms manage outside trade chance. The examination concentrates how import and fare firms in the East Midlands deal with their outside trade hazard. This examination additionally plans to investigate the issues associated with dealing with those dangers. Research Questions Subsequently the exploration wants to respond to the accompanying inquiries: Do import and fare firms in the East Midlands really deal with their remote conversion scale dangers? How import and fare organizations in the East Midlands deal with their remote trade dangers? What issues they experience with dealing with these dangers? Meaning of Key Terms Fence A fence can be characterized as â€Å"making a venture to lessen the danger of unfriendly value developments in an advantage. Financial specialists utilize this system when they are uncertain of what the market will do† (Investopedia, 2010). Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are instruments whose presentation is gotten from a fundamental resource (Arnold, 2002) Spot Rate The spot rate is characterized as the pace of trade cited quickly if purchasing or selling money (Watson and Head) Global Trade This includes the progression of merchandise and ventures between countries; it includes import and/fare of products and enterprises (Harrison et al, 2000) The resulting area gives a separate of how rest of the exploration is set out. Part 2: Literature Review; this section gives an outline of the exploration subject by mapping out the key zones; hypotheses inside the hazard the executives and account writing are distinguished, investigated and dissected. The idea of hazard and hazard the executives is investigated. An expansive arrangement is made on the kinds of dangers and this is then limited to incorporate remote trade hazard. The part continues by investigating the idea of outside trade and remote trade dangers; which incorporate the kinds of outside trade exposures. The regular methods for overseeing outside trade dangers are investigated. This is trailed by an audit of important writing in the key regions of the examination subject. Section 3: Research Methodology; in this part the exploration plan and technique are talked about. Part 4: Research Findings and Analysis; this section presents the discoveries of the exploration which were acquired from the survey. The discoveries are introduced utilizing tables, diagrams and graphs, to empower the peruser increase a more clear understanding. An investigation of the discoveries is completed by cross-arranging the reactions of the respondent so as to watch for any shared traits and additionally contrasts. Section 5: Conclusion and Recommendation; this part finishes up the exploration and proposals are made. Section 2: Literature Review 2.1 Risk Management- Hazard is an inherent piece of any business, because of eccentrics of the powers which administer business exchanges, for example, political, financial and social conditions; chance is a factor which can't be totally dispensed with (Watson and Head, 2007). Arnold (2002) depicts chance as a circumstance where there is something beyond one potential result, yet a scope of potential returns. It can likewise be characterized as the opportunity that the real come back from a speculation will be not the same as anticipated (Lamb, 2008). From the above definitions, hazard doesn't really spell fate or doesn't really have a negative undertone. Markowitz was probably the most punctual scholastic to bring up this, by setting up a connection among dangers and return (chance return exchange off). Basically the hypothesis; Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) includes anticipated return and the level of going with hazard for a speculation (Yorke and Droussiotis, 1994). A focal subject of this hypothesis is that the more serious hazard a speculator acknowledges the higher the potential for expanded returns (Yorke and Droussiotis, 1994). While MPT implies a positive connection among's hazard and return, the way that a venture can have a scope of potential results is a vulnerability which can be expensive. Accordingly hazard the executives is additionally an a vital part of business. Hazard the board can be characterized as â€Å"the execution of exercises intended to limit the negative effect (cost) of vulnerability (chance) with respect to conceivable losses† (Abor, p.307, 2005). The destinations of hazard the board are to limit potential misfortunes, lessen instability of income consequently ensuring profit (Abor, 2005). While the target for hazard the executives is to secure organizations against money related misfortune accordingly ensuring the estimation of the firm, customary account hypothesis, for example, that proposed by Modigliani and Miller recommends that the market estimation of a firm is controlled by it acquiring influence (Arnold, 2002). The fundamental supposition of Modigliani and Miller hyp othesis is that in a productive market; with the nonattendance of tax assessment, chapter 11 expenses and data asymmetry, the estimation of the firm is unaffected by its capital structure (Arnold, 2002). Anyway exact research (list creators) has demonstrated the presence of capital market blemishes, for example, charges, office issues and money related trouble exists consequently legitimizing hazard the board (Chowdhry, 1995). Besides, MPT additionally proposes that the hazard and instability of a speculation portfolio can be diminished, and the increases can be improved, all by broadening the portfolio among a few non-connected resources (Pearce Financial, 2008). That is, speculators can expand their normal return for a given degree of hazard by differentiating their ventures over a scope of advantages ((McClure, 2006). MPT includes hazard the board through expansion of speculations. In a disentangled articulation, MPT depends on the possibility of not ‘putting all of ones eggs into one bin. 2.2 Types of Risk There are two wide characterization of dangers; Unsystematic and Systematic (Rossi and Laham, 208) Orderly dangers alludes to dangers which influence the whole market because of occasions, for example, conversion standard developments, changes in th

How to Unpack the Standards and Use Learning Targets in Your Classroom

How to Unpack the Standards and Use Learning Targets in Your Classroom Veteran teacher Heather explains the importance of unpacking the standards and using learning targets in order to determine if students are learning from our lessons. She provides several teaching strategies that you can try to make sure that you are gathering data and supporting students to see their levels of mastery. by Heather Aulisio One of the challenges we face in the classroom is trying to determine whether our students are really learning from the lessons we develop and deliver. How do we know if they are working towards mastery of a standard? In this blog post, we will examine how you can unpack the standards and use learning targets in your classroom. What are learning targets? As an educator, you are probably already using learning targets, but may not realize that is what they’re called. Learning targets are statements of intended learning. You’re required to list objectives in your lesson plans, but you should be informing students of your teaching intentions prior to your lesson. Learning targets are specifically for students. It tells them what you expect them to be able to do after you’re done teaching. Did you know that you can really get students’ attention and focus when it comes to learning targets? Once you do, anyone can walk into your classroom, ask any child what they are doing in class today, and the child will be able to clearly communicate the standards-based expectations. If this sounds like something you want to happen in your classroom (who wouldn’t?), read on to learn how you can create a system for using learning targets in your room. Morning Message A morning message is a powerful thing. It is possibly the one moment in class you have everyone together, with undivided attention, alert, and ready to go. Because morning messages are conducted first thing in a lesson, you should definitely consider communicating or reviewing learning targets for the day, or unit. You can do this verbally and incorporate a brief discussion (great for activating prior knowledge or doing informal assessments), or you can jot them down somewhere that’s easy for everyone to see. Learning Target Monitoring Sheets How cool would it be to list all your learning targets on a piece of paper that monitors if and when your students have been successful with your aspirations for them? You could keep these monitoring sheets in a folder by your lesson plans, you could keep them in their math portfolios (easy to pull out during a conference), or you could even staple them onto tests for parents to see which targets have been hit, and which ones have been missed so they understand they will be remediated (or better yet, how they can help them at home). Bulletin Board If you have a little extra space in your classroom, dedicate it to learning targets. The targets should be easy to read and written in student-friendly language. Keep it short, simple, and sweet. It should be visible in a place students can see each day so they understand the long term goal of a unit. This is also nice to have in your room when you get observed (especially informally) so your administrators see that you’re involving students in your long term plans and goals, and that it’s driving your instruction appropriately. Even parents will be able to quickly view what their child is doing if they pop in to help out or meet with you for a conference. Encourage Using “I Can” Statements How many times have you heard your students saying, “I can’t?” This can be incredibly frustrating to the both of you. Instead of focusing on the negative, focus on the positive. Encourage “I can” statements. At the end of each week, as a closing activity, ask each child in your room to self-assess. As educators, we spend so much time organizing our classrooms, decorating, finding games and engaging projects, and designing lessons that “click” with all kinds of learners, we often tend to skim over the little things that can be incredibly important. When looking at your standards, it is imperative that your students understand why you’re teaching them the things that you are, and what you want them to know and do as a result of that. Consider some of the simple suggestions above to start the year off right and to establish a clear and direct learning process. Do you use Learning Targets in your classroom? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Heather Aulisio is a third grade teacher in Pennsylvania. She has been a teacher for nearly 15 years and holds multiple degrees and certifications. A freelancer for The Mailbox and other education-related clients and publications, she enjoys writing in order to help and entertain fellow teachers. She currently resides with her husband, Bryan; son, Matthew; and two pugs, Lily and Leo.

The New Communistic Approach - 993 Words

The new communistic approach 1917-1918, the Russian Revolution emerged centering around two essential events: the February Revolution, in which the Czar was overthrown, and the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks took over power resulting in the creation of the world’s first communist country led by Vladimir Lenin. This resulted in the brutal, cruel and bloody Civil War. What was left was an extreme regime that was to rule Russia until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, which also meant the end of communism. Despite the creation of an extreme regime, including suppression, forced labor camps, execution of people with different ideologies, bribes etc., the communists had a great goal at first. The Communist Party wanted to achieve social and financial equality in a classless and stateless society in which the fulfillment of human needs including satisfying work and an equal share of benefit derived from labor was essential. Although communism didn’t succeed in Russia, it is, in theory, the solution for a utopian world, existing of equal human rights, freedom, shelter, food etc. But why did communism fail? There are many theories about that, it was, for example, due to the ‘leaders’ abusing their power turning the communistic government into a tyrannical dictatorship. Or, another theory is, that it is due to the people’s greed, always wanting more than others resulting in conflicts between one another, like the Civil War. Our main question is: How can we govern aShow MoreRelatedThe New Communistic Approach531 Words   |  2 PagesThe new communistic approach 1917-1918, the Russian Revolution emerged centering around two essential events: the February Revolution, in which the Czar was overthrown, and the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks took over power resulting in the creation of the world’s first communist country led by Vladimir Lenin. This resulted to the brutal, cruel and bloody Civil War. 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With his Communistic agenda in mind, Mao encouraged the country’s peasants to overthrow theirRead MoreSir Thomas More Contributed On The 19th Century And Future Generations1698 Words   |  7 Pagessociety are mentioned and resolved in many ways in Book 2. Book 1 offers a more pragmatic approach than Book 2 which focuses more on ideology. The second book depicts the fictional, idealistic island of Utopia which More places within the new world. Focusing much on idealism, he creates a land of people who live to very high standards of honesty and behaviour and heavily contrasts with his more pragmatic approach in the previous book. The beautiful concept of a perfect island indeed does link to communism

A Brief Note On The And Its Effects On The Body - 1182 Words

Section 1- Justifications 1. According to LeMone et al. (2014), hypovolemia is the decreased circulating blood volume . the body will compensate by constricting blood vessels and raising heart rate, and if the volume is low enough, shunting blood to vital areas (the brain, the heart) from less vital areas (skin, muscles, digestive tract, even the kidneys.) according to Nolan, Pullinger, Bath, Oxford ( 2014), hypovolemia can lead to hypovolemic shock; where a person can lose up to 20 percent of their blood or body fluid. Shock occurs when blood pressure is low to the point where blood does not perfuse the organs and stays low long enough that cells start to malfunction and die. Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency. 2.†¦show more content†¦A doctor may prescribe a drug-thinning medication, such as dabigatran also known as Pradaxa and warfarin also known as Coumadin to help lower patients risk. 4. According to LeMone et al. (2014) hypertension is the excess pressure in the arterial area of the systemic circulation. hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is a nurses responsibility to monitor and stabilise the patient s Blood pressure as it is a major force for the blood to travel around the body. Without a stable blood pressure blood cannot deliver fresh blood with oxygen and nutrients systemically (high blood pressure research council of Australia, 2008). Hypertension leads to an increased risk of morbidities such as cardiovascular disease which can result to further complications such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and blindness (Rafey, 2000) . An ideal and common blood pressure for a an adult is 120 over 80. 5. According to LeMone et al. (2014), chronic right hip pain is prolonged pain, usually lasting longer than 6 months affecting the right hip. According to Black (2014), Chronic right hip pain caused by osteoporosis is a chronic condition. Osteoporosis can results in pain, stiffness, joint deformity and fractures. Osteoarthritis can an individual s ability to walk, work, and quality of life. Mild arthritis pain can be managed with ice or heat, rest, changing activity of daily living , medications, or

Term paper of Bill of rights Free Essays

Two further constitutions were drafted and adopted during wo short-lived war-time governments, by the revolutionary forces during the Philippine Revolution with Emilio Aguinaldo as President and by the occupation forces during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II with Jos © P. Laurel as President. Article Ill – Bill of Rights consists of 22 Sections. We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper of Bill of rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now The objective of this paper is to determine the significance of having this Bill of Rights to our country and to identify by the people the importance of knowing the Bill of Rights in each of everyone surrounded by this law. A bill of rights is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement. The term â€Å"bill of rights† originates from england . The purpose of a Bill of Rights is to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts. The Bill of Rights ? How many rights do you have? You should check, because it might not be as many today as it was a few years ago, or even a few months ago. Some people I talk to are not concerned that police will execute a search warrant without nocking or that they set up roadblocks and stop and interrogate innocent citizens. They do not regard these as great infringements on their rights. But when you put current events together, there is information that may be surprising to people who have not yet been concerned: The amount of the Bill of Rights that is under attack is alarming. What about the meaning of Rights ? re legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom orentitlement ; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics , especially theories of Justice and deontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, b eing regarded as established pillars of society andculture and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived. † The connection between rights they are fought for and claimed, and the essence of struggles past and ancient are ncoded in the spirit of current concepts of rights and their modern formulation. Filipino Citizen must know the things they could legally do and the limitation on their acts. It is also themselves who will benefit if they would know their own rights and privilages . The importance of the study is to tell the purpose of the article 3 of the Philippine Constitution which is the bill of rights . The study aims to give you imformation from the section under bill of rights. The Study focuses on the Freedom and Protection that the government offers to the citizen and the benefits they would get with respect to the bill of rights and its ection. Article Ill. Bill of Rights Section 1 . No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the Judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may roduce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Section 3. 1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the go vernment for redress of grievances. Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or ublic health, as may be provided by law. Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without Just compensation. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 1 1 . Free access to the courts and quasi-Judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. ) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. How to cite Term paper of Bill of rights, Essays

Definition Essay Outline free essay sample

What is a Definition Essay? A definition essay defines a word, term, or concept in depth by providing a personal commentary on what the specific subject means. Abstract terms, such as love, pain, or patriotism, have different meanings for different individuals since such terms play on people’s feelings more than their physical senses. The definition essay provides a personal, extended definition of such terms by linking or comparing the term to a previous definition and by illustrating how that term should be applied/has been applied. Sample Outline 1) Introduction a) Attention getter i) You may want to include the traditional or dictionary definition here to provide a basis for your personal definition. ii) You may want to open with a contradictory image to what would be your image to illustrate that definition. b) Thesis: State how you define the term. If you can write the definition using specific points, you will find the definition easier to follow when writing the paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition Essay Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2) Point one a) The first part of your definition of the term. b) Example to illustrate that point. c) Analysis of how the example illustrates the point. 3) Point two a) The second part of the definition of the term. b) Example to illustrate that point. c) Analysis of how the example illustrates the point. 4) Point three a) The third part of the definition (if there is one) b) Example to illustrate that point. c) Analysis of how the example illustrates the point. 5) Conclusion a) Review your definition’s main points b) Closing attention getter c) Sometimes a reference back to the opening attention-getter is a good way of unifying the entire essay. d) You may want to close with an explanation of how your definition has affected you.

College Degrees Essays - Bachelors Degrees, Vocational Education

College Degrees INTRODUCTION Many adults who graduate from high school immediately enter careers that do not require a college degree. Indeed, the majority of the adult population of the United States of America does not have college degrees. And the lack of degree is not a stigma. Vocations usually do not require degrees. Certainly the many trade vocations in the building industry do not require college degrees, but instead either vocational training, on-the-job training, and combinations of both. The same applies to manufacturing, clerical, retail, and service positions. And one does not need a degree, college, nor indeed high school, to become President of the United States, or any other elected official! A degree is usually required for professional positions, such as physicians, lawyers, engineers, scientists, accountants, teachers, among others. Many professions require advanced degrees, like masters, and doctoral degrees. There may come a time, however, when an adult who is working full- time decides that it is time to pursue a college degree. There may be several reasons for such a conclusion. Many job descriptions in business and industry specify that a certain degree is required for advancement. Perhaps an airplane mechanic would like to be promoted to a management position that requires a college degree. Or a bookkeeper may wish to become an accountant. Or a nurse may desire a bachelor degree, beyond her R.N. certification; indeed, more hospitals are now requiring that their nurses hold bachelor, and in some cases master degrees. How does a nurse, or bookkeeper, or airplane mechanic who is employed full-time pursue the required college course work that will lead to a fully accredited bachelor degree without taking up residency in a college full-time four years? FULLY ACCREDITED Fully accredited without residency is the objective of the pursuit of a non-traditional college degree. A college must be validated by one of six regional accreditation associations approved by the United States Department of Education in order to grant full accredited degrees. The six associations are: New England Association of Schools and Colleges Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Western Association of Schools and Colleges All of the colleges and universities in this country that offer fully accredited degrees do so by authority of one of the above geographical associations. There are several colleges that offer bachelor, master, and doctoral degrees that do not come under the authority of a regional accreditation association. Some of these colleges are authorized to offer degrees by the states in which they reside, mostly in California, Hawaii, Missouri, and Louisiana. However, degrees from these colleges are usually not recognized as bona-fide by most business, industry, and professional organizations that require college degrees as a requirement for employment. Therefore, this report will deal with the limited number of colleges in the United States that will grant a fully-accredited bachelor degree without any residency requirement. There are many other colleges that offer alternate college degrees to adults, but have a short, medium, or extensive residency requirement. These colleges will not be covered in this report. For those interested in colleges with limited residency requirements, they will find useful a manual by John Bear, Ph.D., College Degrees by Mail, [See Recommended Reading at the conclusion of this report]. REQUIREMENTS FOR A BACHELOR DEGREE There are many Bachelor programs that can be pursued, among them: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Technology, Bachelor of Science in Human Services, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and other programs that may be specifically designed by the student and college. Most bachelor programs include specializations, such as Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Bachelor of Science in Aviation. Usually, 120 semester hours of credit are required for a degree. Typically, one college course, like Algebra, is worth three semester hours. Therefore, it is likely that 40 courses, each worth three semester hours will be required for a degree. This may sound simple, but it really isn't. Virtually all colleges require proper distribution of credits. One cannot take 40 of the easiest courses and walk away with a degree. There are core subjects that are required, as English, Mathematics, History, Literature, Sociology, Psychology, Philosophy. English subjects include

Turn Over Rate For The Texas Retail Industry

Turn Over Rate For The Texas Retail Industry Describe HypothesisThe Texas economy relies on the retail industry is a vibrant part of the Texas economy. The Texas retail turnover rate has also affected the economy through seasonal employment. The turnover rate is important as companies spend a tremendous amount of money training new employees. The mean turnover rate for the Texas retail industry is 13%. The null hypothesis is the turnover rate for the Texas retail industry is 13%. The alternate hypothesis is the turnover rate is not equal to 13%.Formulation of Numerical and Verbal HypothesisHo: ÂŽÂ ¼ = 13 %H1: ÂŽÂ ¼  ¢Ã‚‰ 13 %Level of significance, a=.01The null hypothesis is the mean is not different from 13%, but equals to 13%. The alternate hypothesis is the mean is not equal to 13%. The level of significance is .01, which is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis. The level of significance, which is alpha, equals .01.English: Galton Box (demonstrates normal distribut...Performance of the Five-Step Hypoth esis TestThe first step in hypothesis testing is to establish the null (Ho) and the alternate hypothesis (H1). The hypothesis that the group affirms is that there is average turnover rate of 13% in the Texas retail industry. The null hypothesis is the population mean is 13%. The alternate hypothesis is ‚“The mean is different from 13% or the mean is not 13%. Both hypotheses are written:Ho: ÂŽÂ ¼ = 13 %H1: ÂŽÂ ¼  ¢Ã‚‰ 13 %This is a two-tailed test because the group thought that a one-tailed test was not needed. The group also thought there was no need to state a direction, which would then make a one-tailed the most appropriate testing method. The next measure is to select a significance level. There is not one level of significance that can be applied to all tests. Most often, the .05 level is selected for consumer...

The Microsoft Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The Microsoft Case - Essay Example Additionally, it will be convincingly argued that Microsoft was indeed not a monopoly at the time of the investigation. Some key points that characterize a pure monopoly are the following: 1) only one firm in the market 2) significant barriers to entry exist 3) lack of substitute goods 4) firm is a price-maker. When one examines Microsoft of the late 1990’s, it becomes clear that although the company had a large share of the operating systems market captured, they were still far from being what could be literally considered a monopoly (Khan, 2004). Based on the previous metrics listed, Microsoft falls short on every single determinant. Additionally, although Microsoft offered a host of products that could tangentially be seen as working to squeeze out competition, they still did not maintain any measurable means of creating barriers to entry for firms wishing to take market share from their products. In fact, the major concern among many regulators was the fact that Microsoft improperly bundled many services that were also offered by competitors. As such, these suggestions were not against anti-trust laws but merely an aggressive form of business outreach and marketing to get consumers accosted to the products of the firm before they would become accustomed to the products of anothe r firm. Furthermore, the market demand for operating systems would have been marked by a downward sloping demand curve if indeed Microsoft had a monopoly power in the market. However, the opposite of this has indeed been proven to be the case. Doubtless, Microsoft as a firm was making massive amounts of profit during these and proceeding years. However, Microsoft could be viewed as enriching itself primarily from the correct application of economies of scale as opposed to having a death’s clasp on the market in a monopolistic way. Furthermore, operating systems are an exceedingly

The Interpretation of Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Interpretation of Advertisements - Essay Example The emotion it best represents is joy as every person in the picture is smiling and looks happy. The ad shows one person playing with a recognizable Nintendo controller, enjoying himself, while he is closely surrounded by men and women who are also actively participating in his fun appearing to be cheering or congratulating his efforts. It shows a youthful exuberance as every person appears young and animated. Though it lacks text and instead of a narrative, as O'Barr stated "music, motion, color, and other features are sometimes used in an attempt to evoke attitudes and feelings in consumers rather than to tell specific stories" (p. 10); in this instance the ad uses motion and proximity of the people to evoke a sense of togetherness and a party like atmosphere as they all appear to be friendly with each other or maybe even a family. The ad is effective in demonstrating the interactive nature of the Nintendo Wii Console. It challenges the dominant ideas of most consumers by showing an alternative depiction of what videogames represent (O'Barr). Instead of the traditional expectation of what playing videogames involves as a typical depiction would be one or two people on a couch focusing intently with minimal body movement.

An Analysis Of The Asean Regional Forum Politics Essay

An Analysis Of The Asean Regional Forum Politics Essay The end of the Cold War brought a fundamental change of security environment in Asia. As the East-West confrontation ended, US security policies became unclear. A power vacuum had been created in the region after the Soviet armed forces withdrew from Far East and Indochina, and the Chinese political influence was rapidly increasing. A multilateral forum for regional security was therefore ASEANs solution to the challenges that arose. In spite of the end of the Cold War, Asia still had problems such as tension on the Korean Peninsula, territorial disputes over the Spratly Islands, civil war in Cambodia and tension across the Taiwan Straits. These were problems that posed the threat of becoming severely destabilizing factors in the region. Although the United States had become the worlds only military superpower, in terms to burden sharing, its domestic economic problems as well as the global nature of all its affairs placed more demand on Asian countries. Therefore, Asian nations were preoccupied with this new set of circumstances in terms of security and how to get through the post-Cold War transitional period, while maintaining stability in Asia and ensuring its further development. The fundamental views of that emerged in the context of the above security threat were: In an uncertain post-Cold War era, promotion of confidence-building measures among Asian countries will be increasingly necessary. The Asia Pacific region will soon be facing new global issues such as the environment, terrorism, and drug trafficking. In order to address such issues, a regional cooperative framework is crucial and should be enhanced. The late 1980s and early 1990s marked a period of strategic shifts and uncertainty for Southeast Asia. Incorporating China and Japan into the web of interdependence with the rest of the region became imperative. It was recognised that United States engagement in the Asia Pacific region is indispensable for the stability and prosperity of the region. Thus, the ARF emerged. The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is the principal forum for security dialogue in Asia, complementing the various bilateral alliances and dialogues. It provides a setting in which members can discuss current regional security issues and develop cooperative measures to enhance peace and security in the region. It draws together 27 countries which that include the 10 ASEAN member states (Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). To begin with, it is not hard to miss that the ARFs scope in terms of its member states goes far beyond South East Asia such that it includes a large number the developed and emerging powers of the world. In my view, this is an important characteristic of the ARF, which makes it unique compared to other security forums around the world. The reason behind this could be the idea of collective security. Most conflicts tend to involve national interests of major powers of the world. Therefore, their inclusion in the forum in a way ensures their consent or commitment towards peace and stability in the region. Formation of the ARF The ASEAN Regional Forum was primarily the outcome of states response to regional security problems that emerged post Cold War. The reasons for its formation can be looked via the two contrasting lenses of Realism and Idealism in order to grasp a wider interpretation. According to Realism, state action is a result of it national interests and a constant security dilemma that it faces. The concern for security motivates states to behave in a certain way, which in this case, was to come together and form a multilateral institution. Post-Cold War, there was a concern about changing strategic situation of South East Asia, wherein there was the fear that the attention and aid that the United States had showered during and before the Cold War would wane away. Moreover, the rapidly rising power of China was extremely worrisome and there was still a trust deficit that existed among the ASEAN countries and Japan- a hangover of Second World War ASEAN saw the ARF as a way to keep the US in, and China and Japan down. Moreover, the ARF could be seen as ASEANs way to maintain a balance of Power among the South East Asian Nations themselves. However, the realist interpretation of ARFs formation has a serious limitation. While it explains why the ARF was formed, it fails to explain why the forum was formed in spite of different interests that persisted among the ASEAN nations. What motivates countries to come together and trust each other, in spite of having varying goals and the constant security dilemma that was mentioned above. This limitation in explaining ARFs formation can be overcome by the explanation provided by the Idealist School of Thought. Idealists hold the view that shared norms and principals, as well as shared security concerns is what brought the ASEAN countries together to conjure up the idea of this forum. In an uncertain post-Cold War era, promotion of confidence-building measures among Asian countries became increasingly necessary. A serious threat was perceived to be posed by new global issues such as the environment, terrorism, and drug trafficking. In order to address such issues, a regional coope rative framework is crucial and should be enhanced. However, it is important to note that these nations didnt come together based on the above realization by themselves. Important track 2 level actors were involved to bring about this realisation about these shared norms, mutual benefits of forming ARF such as ASEAN-ISIS (Institutes of Strategic International Studies). Even so, besides the above reasons behind ARFs formation, what was it that motivated the major powers to join this forum? The consensus of the US is believed to be a result of US strategic reorientation post Cold War. The United States viewed ARF as a useful device to rein in China. Also, it saw the forum as an alternative way to deal with Asia-Pacific regional security without invoking bilateral ties which may have provoked China. Chinas joining is attributed to the fact that Beijing no longer saw multilateralism as a noose around its neck, but as an opportunity to make itself heard and understood by its neighbors on security and economic matters. This was a major change from Chinas view in the early 1990s. It is important to look deeply into the intricacies involved in the formation of the ARF because it gives us a deeper insight in the organizations role in Conflict Prevention and Confidence Building, which are important elements of Peacebuilding. The idea of forming a policy-oriented, security related dialogue with ASEAN at the centre- first proposed at ASEAN-Post Minstrel Conference (PMC) in Kuala Lumpur in July 1991. In January, 1992, an agreement was reached to strengthen political and security dialogue with non-ASEAN countries. In July, 1993, an agreement was reached to establish ARF, to include China and Russia. Finally, in July, 1994, 1st ASEAN Regional Forum was held in Bangkok. The Deepening of the ARF- Guiding Principles At the inaugural ARF in 1994, eighteen foreign ministers conducted a free discussion, without a prepared agenda or speech text. It served well to increase mutual understanding among the participants. Russia was unexpectedly active, while the Chinese attitude was cautious. China negatively reacted to the idea of using ARF to deal with specific security issues such as North Korean nuclear capability. After the discussion, though, all involved shared the view that the time was ripe to have security talks at the government level. They agreed to adopt the following as guiding principles for future dialogue. The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia: It was signed in Bali Summit of 1976, responsible for changing ASEANs vision and future course. The United Nations Charter The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which are as follows: Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and national identity of all participating nations;  · The right of every state to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion;  · Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another;  · Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful means;  · Renunciation of the threat or use of force. The Zone Of Peace, Freedom And Neutrality (ZOPFAN) in Southeast Asia: This Declaration committed all ASEAN members to exert efforts to secure the recognition of and respect for South East Asia as a Zone of Peace, free from any manner of interference by outside powers. The Declaration called upon all members to broaden the areas of cooperation which would contribute to their strength, solidarity and closer relationships. The concept of the South East Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (SEANWFZ): At the Bangkok Summit (1994), the ASEAN leaders signed the Treaty on the South East Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone, stressing its determination to contribute towards general and complete disarmament and the promotion of international peace and security. The Treaty also aimed at protecting the region from environmental pollution and the hazards caused by radioactive waste and other toxic materials. In its first sixteen years, the ARF has focused on confidence building measures and has made modest gains in building a sense of strategic community. But efforts to develop tools of preventive diplomacy and conflict management are still at an early stage. At the ARF Ministerial Meeting in July 2009, a Vision Statement was endorsed providing a roadmap to guide the direction of the ARF to 2020.   The Statement includes an undertaking to develop an ARF preventive diplomacy capacity.   In order to achieve this, ARF Ministers agreed that a Work Plan for Preventive Diplomacy be developed in the 2009-10 ARF cycle. ARF meetings and processes The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade has responsibility for ARF policy, in consultation with the Department of Defence. ARF meetings are held at Foreign Minister level, annually in July/August in conjunction with the ASEAN Post Ministerial Conference (PMC). The chair of ASEAN, which rotates on annual basis, is also the chair of the ARF. The principal formal ARF document is the ARF chairs statement issued after every ARF Ministerial meeting. The ARF is supported by the ARF Senior Officials Meeting which meets annually in May or June. Two ARF Intersessional Support Group (ISG) meetings on Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy are also held at officials level each year, co-chaired by one ASEAN and one non-ASEAN member. Recommendations and outcomes of these ISG meetings feed into the ARF Senior Officials Meeting. The ARF conducts four Inter-Sessional Meetings (ISM) annually that represent focus areas of the forum. These are ISMs on Counter-Terrorism and Transnational Crime, Disaster Relief, Maritime Security, and Non-Proliferation and Disarmament. Second-track (non-official) institutions, such as the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) and the ASEAN Institutes of Strategic and International Studies (ASEAN ISIS), have been instrumental in generating ideas and inputs for ARF (first track) consideration. The second-track institutions and networks conduct a number of seminars and working groups on regional security issues, involving academics, security specialists and officials participating in a personal capacity. Through its discretionary grants program, the Department supports the activities of AUS-CSCAP (the Australian Member Committee of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific). The merit of track two level institutions is that they manage to deal with sensitive issues without creating tensions among states. This leads to fresh approaches, early warning mechanisms, etc. The inclusion of Track 2 level diplomacy is a unique feature of the ARF as a security forum. No other major security forum in the world employs this approach. ARFs Role in Conflict Resolution In ARFs 1995 concept paper it was recognized that the forum is relatively new and would take a gradual evolutionary approach towards building a conflict resolution capacity, rather than trying to tackle security challenges without having the appropriate capability to engage itself in the same. A consensus was reached on how this evolution can take place in three stages: Stage I : Promotion of Confidence-Building Measures Stage II: Development of Preventive Diplomacy Mechanisms Stage III: Development of Conflict-Resolution Mechanisms In the first 16 years since its inception, the ARFs activities have mainly revolved around building trust and confidence in the region, a practice whose basis lies in ASEANs well established practices of consultation and consensus (musyawarah and mufakat) The participants of the first ARF Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok in July 1994 agreed on the need to develop a more predictable and constructive pattern of relations for the Asia-Pacific region. In its initial phase, the ARF committed itself to therefore concentrate on enhancing, the trust and confidence amongst participants and thereby foster a regional environment conducive to maintaining the peace and prosperity of the region. In promoting confidence-building measures, the ARF adopted two complementary approaches. The first approach derives from ASEANs experience, which provides a valuable and proven guide for the ARF. ASEAN has succeeded in reducing, tensions among, its member states, promoting region cooperation and creating a regional climate conducive to peace and prosperity without the implementation of explicit confidence-building measures. ASEANs well established practices of consultation and consensus (musyawarah and mufakat) have been significantly enhanced by the regular exchanges of high-level visits among ASEAN countries. This pattern of regular visits has effectively developed into a preventive diplomacy channel. The second approach was the implementation of concrete confidence-building measures. The first ARF meeting, in Bangkok entrusted the next Chairman of the ARF, Brunei Darussalam, to study all the ideas presented by ARF participants and to also study other relevant internationally recognised norms, principles and practices. After extensive consultations, the ASEAN countries have prepared two lists of confidence-building measures. The first list spells out measures which can be explored and implemented by ARF participants in the immediate future. The second list is an indicative list of other proposals which can be explored over the medium and long-term by ARF participants and also considered in the immediate future by the Track Two process. These lists include possible preventive diplomacy and other measures. It was decided that given the delicate nature of many of the subjects being considered by the ARF, there was merit in moving the ARF process along two tracks. Track One activities will be carried out by governments. Track Two activities will be carried out by strategic institutes and non-government organisations in the region, such as ASEAN-ISIS and CSCAP. To be meaningful and relevant, the Track Two activities focus, as much as possible, on the current concerns of the ARF. The synergy between the two tracks would contribute greatly to confidence-building measures in the region. Over time, these Track Two activities should result in the creation of a sense of community among participants of those activities. This is another unique strategy adopted by the security forum in addition to its controversial strategy of non-interference. There remains a residue of unresolved territorial and other disputes that could be sources of tension or conflict. If the ARF is to become, over time, a meaningful vehicle to enhance the peace and prosperity of the region, it will have to demonstrate that it is a relevant instrument to be used in the event that a crisis or problem emerges. The ARF meeting in Bangkok demonstrated this by taking a stand on the Korean issue at the very first meeting. This was a signal that the ARF is ready to address any challenge to the peace and security of the region. Over time, the ARF must develop its own mechanisms to carry preventive diplomacy and conflict-resolution. In doing so, the ARF will face unique challenges. There are no established roads or procedures for it to follow. Without a high degree of confidence among ARF participants, it is unlikely that they will agree to the establishment of mechanisms which are perceived to be intrusive and/or autonomous. This is a political reality the ARF recognises. Conclusion It is clear from the above analysis that the ARF must be accepted as a sui generis Organisation. It has had no established precedents to follow and has carved out a unique path for itself as a security organisation. A great deal of innovation and ingenuity will be required to keep the ARF moving forward while at the same time ensure that it enjoys the support of its diverse participants. This is a major challenge both for the ASEAN countries and other ARF participants. The UN Secretary-Generals Agenda for Peace has recognised that just as no two regions or situations are the same, so the design of cooperative work and its division of labour must adjust to the realities of each case with flexibility and creativity. It has been 16 years in the formation of the ARF and in its first fifteen years, the ARF has focused on confidence building measures and has made modest gains in building a sense of strategic community and having achieved the status of being one of the most peaceful regions of the world. But efforts to develop tools of preventive diplomacy and conflict management are still at an early stage. And one can only wait and watch how the vision 2020 moves towards the 3rd stage of Conflict Resolution. ARFs approach has of course earned a lot of flak, especially for its policy of non interference. It is often argued and wondered as to how a security organization can ensure security in a region if it does not make efforts to stop internal conflicts. After all, in the present age of globalisation, even conflicts no longer restrict themselves to boundaries and are bound to become transnational sooner or later. The ARF has even earned the nick name of a talk shop in certain critiques. However, it is imperative to recognize that the ARF by running on the basis of ASEAN values has played a much more important role with regard to creating a basis of trust and confidence in order to achieve mutual benefits in the region. In the words of Winston Churchill, To jaw-jaw is better than to war-war. And this is where the ARF has scored. The fact remains that today, the region of South East Asia remains one of the most peaceful and stable regions in the world, and it has managed to do so, on the basis of shared norms and values rather than realpolitik. And the world can learn a lesson from that.

Renaissance Changed the Individuality of Humans

How the Renaissance Changed the Individuality of Humans The Renaissance changed how people viewed themselves from the Middle Ages when Christianity was so important. Human anatomy, man's temperament, man's role in the universe and people in art all show the decreased importance of Christianity and the increased importance of how individuals viewed themselves. The perception of human anatomy and its function from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance has changed greatly and diminished the importance of Christianity. The first theory, â€Å"Zodiac Man,† believed that each sign of the zodiac ruled a part of the DOD.A zodiac is a constellation, which is part of the universe that God created. With the importance of Christianity, people in Europe at this time surely did believe that these constellations were controlling the body (Document H). Belgian physician, Andrea Vesuvius, who actually dissected the human body to better explain what actually happened, made another theory about how the human body worked. He discovered this hypothesis over 30 years after Johann; this new notion better explained how the body actually works and was more realistic (Document I).After the announcing of this new theory, the importance of how individuals viewed themselves were increased while people were starting to question how important Christianity really was. Man's temperament through plays showed how Christianity was all that the people of the Middle Ages could think about but then there is a gradual change of how Christianity was viewed in the Renaissance. Plays were conducted for people who were illiterate, this play is written by an unknown author at the start of the Renaissance but the lines of the play carry a meaning straight out of the Middle Ages.Many at this time knew that God was perfect and people felt that they also needed to be flawless in order to go to heaven and live an eternal life. The author starts the play off by saying that sin in the beginning is â€Å"ful l sweet† but in the end â€Å"cachets thy soul to weep† (Document D). The author is saying that people should not commit a sin otherwise they will go to hell. He also states that the individuals should listen to what God has to say in order to live a good life. Otherwise, Shakespeare states, â€Å"what a piece of work is man† (Document E).This line, along with the rest of he excerpt is dictating that men do make mistakes; they aren't perfect because no one is. These two passages from the plays show the different perception of religion, the excerpt from the Middle Ages is stricter on Christianity and how it is perceived thane excerpt from the Renaissance, where how sin is morally accepted because of everyone's imperfections. Man's role in the universe shrunk the importance of Christianity and amplified man's sense of individuality from the different drawings of the universe and how the two developed and changed people's understanding it.Ptolemy developed a theory f the universe that he himself and other scholars believed during the Middle Ages, and that was that earth was the center of the universe. God, having created the universe and the world in which the nation lived, the scholars believed that it would be â€Å"geocentric† (Document F). A new concept came along by Copernicus; he believed that the sun was the center of the universe by only relying on mathematics (Document G).Since the universe had been noted as being â€Å"heliocentric,† people started relying less on Christianity and started trusting themselves as individuals. People in art developed more knowledge on paintings and developed new artistic tales at the time of the Renaissance, which caused them to lead off of Christianity in their paintings and focus more on people and how they are perceived. Faces in the paintings from the Middle Ages through to the end of the Renaissance changed, scenes became less biblical and more realistic.In the Middle Ages, the painti ng was very religious. This biblical scene shows Mary and Jesus surrounded by angels, her face does not look accurate, especially not as accurate as a face that one would see in present time. Also, Jesus does not resemble a baby but looks more like a miniature an (Document A). With a drastic change, the Mona Lisa shocked many people with how realistic her smile is. Whenever in a room with this painting, the eyes will always follow which is a relatively new artistic style at this time (Document B).The real difference between these two paintings is that in the one from the Middle Ages, the artist does not know what Mary nor Jesus looks like because they lived in the biblical age, dying long before the Middle Ages therefore the artist trying to perceive the image of them is difficult. Contrarily, the Mona Lisa is a real model posing for the painting. In dad Vine's work, there is no sign of a biblical scene in his objective. Leonardo portrait helped people in the Renaissance stray from Christianity and appreciate themselves as individuals.Literacy at the time of the Renaissance started to spread, more educated people started questioning the teachings of the Church. Humanism, a movement where people developed, praised the beauty and intelligence of the individual started to advance at this time. Humanism worked its way into the arts, literature, the sciences and medicine. It started to change the individuality of humans through the human anatomy and how the constellations that ere first controlling the body but have now learnt that humans are the ones to actually control themselves on what they do and say.Man's temperament and how plays taught people that sometimes people sin because no one is perfect. Man's role in the universe and the two different drawings show that the earth is not the center of the universe but the sun is. People in art drifted from biblical scenes and started to focus more on people and the realism in painting real figures. These things all s how the decreased importance of Christianity and the increased importance of how individuals viewed themselves.

True Freedom; Peace of Mind

True Freedom: Peace of Mind In A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Frederick Douglass sees true freedom as more than being a free man. Just because you are not owned by someone does not mean you are free; just because you are owned by someone does not mean you are enslaved. Douglass states, â€Å"I endured all the evils of a slave, and suffered all the care and anxiety of a freeman. I found it a hard bargain. But, hard as it was, I thought it better than the old mode of getting along. It was a step towards freedom to be allowed to bear the responsibilities of a freeman, and I was determined to hold upon it† (221).Douglass is referencing the time in his life that he was working for Master Hugh shortly before his escape into a free state. To Douglass slavery was not being owned by someone; freedom was not being able to work for your own wages; nor was freedom given to you by your master. Freedom is crafted by ones own willpower and inner self. Thoug h Douglass is still a slave he is able to make his own living by hiring himself to Master Hugh. Even though he is still enslaved to Hugh Douglass has his own freedoms in the form of being able to do the work as he pleases as long as he makes enough to pay his master every week.He is on the line of being free and being a slave at the same time. Douglass exemplifies his freedom of working on his own accord by saying, â€Å"I was ready to work at night as well as day, and by the most untiring perseverance and industry, I made enough to meet my expenses, and lay up a little money every week† (221). This is not the true freedom that Douglass wishes but it is a degree of freedom that must not be overlooked easily. The little freedom he is allocated allows him to make enough money to escape from his enslavement. Generating ones own profit and working to live has its own freedoms, but it is not truly being free.Douglass claims, â€Å"Rain or shine, work or no work, at the end of eac h week the money must be forthcoming, or I must give up my privilege† (221). He is expressing the fact that at any point in time the few freedoms that he has can be ripped from him like a lion stealing meat from the bones of its prey. He may not fight back against his master, he can only sit there, letting everything he worked so hard to achieve be taken from him as he watches it disappear. If at any point in time your freedoms can be stripped of you, then you are not truly free at all. To be truly free one must allow themselves to desire that freedom at any cost.Douglass is able to endure the hardships of this labor because it provides a means, in the form of currency, to escape. His wish to be free is not as much a desire for physical freedom as it is a desire of inner peace of mind. Douglass comes to this realization after he has escaped and is at an anti-slavery meeting. He says, â€Å"The truth was, I felt myself a slave, and the idea of speaking to white people weighed me down. I spoke but a few moments, when I felt a degree of freedom, and said what I desired with considerable ease† (235). It is not until the moment he allows the freedom the seep into his soul that he truly becomes a free man.He is able to open up his mind and express his views and experience only after his desires to be free are accepted by himself and he truly sees the meaning of being free. Slavery and freedom are more alike than one would presume. As in this day and age, a family living in the ghetto is similar to a family securing only enough money to pay for their housing; both are living similar lifestyles of poverty and without any luxury. The difference is that one family is working on their own to earn and provide that housing while the other is just being given it.Slavery, in itself, is being dependent on a higher power to provide for you while you do what they tell you to do. Freedom is the ability to earn what you receive and having the peace of mind that you d eserved it. Douglass worked hard to earn his freedom and supply for his own family on his own accord. To Douglass slavery was not being owned by someone; freedom was not being able to work for your own wages; nor was freedom given to you by your master. True freedom is what Douglass earned through his trials and deserved as a man who achieved his goals and finally has achieved freedom and peace in his own mind.

Negative Leadership Essay - 1132 Words

Introduction Organizational leaders across the world need to be self aware of their own negative leadership behavior in order to improve and combat the issue. Most leaders have been promoted or hired into their management roles because they are highly competent and have proven themselves to be successful (Brusman, 2011). In general, negative leadership behavior is the result of poor communication skills and lack of emotional intelligence on the part of the leader (Brusman, 2011). In order for a leader to improve their negative leadership behavior they need to realize when they have made a mistake and strive to not make the same mistake twice. The Experience In my current position as a technician for a large telecommunications†¦show more content†¦A team’s success will decline once respect for their supervisor or manager has been lost. Unfortunately once the damage has been done it could take several years to resolve or it might never be resolved. I have also observed the negative leadership behavior of lack of follow through on behalf of my supervisor. Every single week my supervisor threatens to take away the company vehicle privilege of anybody on our team that doesn’t achieve their productivity and repeat numbers. Every week there is always someone on our team that doesn’t make their numbers but my supervisor never follows through and doesn’t take away their vehicle privileges. The lack of follow through by my supervisor creates a situation in which the employees feel that they don’t have to make their numbers because they know they won’t be punished. In the eyes of the employees my supervisor is nothing but talk, as he fails to follow through. Supportive Research In general most leaders that are unsuccessful struggle in the area of effective communication and also lack emotional intelligence (Brusman, 2011). Negative leadership behavior can occur when emotions are not kept in check. 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